呼吸道、呼吸 & 肺
哮喘
哮喘 is a chronic disease that affects your airways (tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs). If you have asthma, the inside walls of your airways are swollen. The inflammation makes the airways very sensitive, and they tend to react strongly to things that you are allergic to or find irritating.
支气管扩张
支气管扩张 is a condition in which the bronchial tubes (airways) are thickened due to long-term inflammation and scarring. 这会导致粘液积聚, 频繁的肺部感染, 并最终, 肺功能下降肺功能下降.
支气管炎
支气管炎 is an inflammation of the airways. Chronic bronchitis is a serious condition when the bronchial tubes, 它们将空气输送到肺部，又将空气从肺部排出, 长时间发炎. 这会导致慢性咳嗽.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of lung diseases, 包括肺气肿和慢性支气管炎. 这些疾病使呼吸困难. 慢性阻塞性肺病会使你难以呼吸. Because breathing takes such hard work when you have COPD, you can become exhausted.
囊性纤维化
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder resulting from a gene mutation (a flaw in a gene). Cystic fibrosis can have severe complications, but ways to manage the disease have improved greatly over the past few decades.
肺气肿
肺气肿 happens when the air sacs in the lungs become damaged. The air sacs, called alveoli, inflate and deflate as you breathe, exchanging the oxygen in the lungs. When the alveoli are damaged, it is difficult to breathe.
间质性肺病(ILD)
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of respiratory disorders that vary in severity and affect adults of all ages. Because interstitial lung disease varies with respect to the severity of symptoms and prognosis, being diagnosed with ILD can be confusing and frightening to patients.
肺癌
There are two main types of lung cancer – small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Although the same techniques (radiation therapy, 化疗, 手术)用于治疗两者, your treatment will be tailored depending on your diagnosis and clinical stage. Ninety percent of lung cancers occur in individuals with a history of smoking cigarettes. Cigar and pipe smoke are potentially more dangerous; they are associated with a lung cancer risk twice that for cigarette smokers. 接触空气污染, radiation and industrial chemicals such as asbestos, 砷, nickel and chromium may also increase your risk for developing lung cancer.
分枝杆菌病(TB和MAI)
Mycobacterial diseases are infectious diseases caused by bacteria. TB refers to the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MAI refers to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI), which is a term for two species of bacteria.
肺炎
肺炎 is a common infection that inflames the alveoli (air sacs) in one or both lungs. Bacteria, viruses or fungi cause the air sacs in the lungs to fill with fluid or pus.
睡眠障碍
There are many different types of sleep disorders. You may find it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep (insomnia). Sleep apnea causes your breathing to pause while you’re asleep. Parasomnias (such as excessive night terrors or nightmares) and a number of other sleep disorders can impact your mood, 生产力和健康.
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM)
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a condition of the airways that causes them to become weak and floppy and collapse with breathing. Normally the central airways (the trachea and bronchi) remain open when you breathe.